Java浅拷贝和深拷贝简单示例

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Java中也有浅拷贝和深拷贝的概念。 Java中的对象赋值操作（=）和Object.clone()方法都是浅拷贝， 而使用序列化和反序列化实现对象复制则可以实现深拷贝。

• 浅拷贝示例：

public class Person implements Cloneable {
    public String name;
    public int age;
    public Address address;

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}

public class Address {
    public String city;
    public String country;
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Person p1 = new Person();
        p1.name = "Alice";
        p1.age = 25;
        p1.address = new Address();
        p1.address.city = "Shanghai";
        p1.address.country = "China";

        Person p2 = (Person) p1.clone();

        p1.name = "Bob";
        p1.address.city = "Beijing";

        System.out.println(p2.name); // Alice
        System.out.println(p2.address.city); // Beijing
    }
}

在上面的示例中，p1和p2是浅拷贝关系，当我们修改p1的属性值时，p2中相应的属性值也会发生变化。

• 深拷贝示例：

public class Person implements Serializable {
    public String name;
    public int age;
    public Address address;

    public Person deepCopy() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
        oos.writeObject(this);

        ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray());
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
        return (Person) ois.readObject();
    }
}

public class Address implements Serializable {
    public String city;
    public String country;
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        Person p1 = new Person();
        p1.name = "Alice";
        p1.age = 25;
        p1.address = new Address();
        p1.address.city = "Shanghai";
        p1.address.country = "China";

        Person p2 = p1.deepCopy();

        p1.name = "Bob";
        p1.address.city = "Beijing";

        System.out.println(p2.name); // Alice
        System.out.println(p2.address.city); // Shanghai
    }
}

在上面的示例中，我们通过序列化和反序列化实现了深拷贝， 当我们修改p1的属性值时，p2中相应的属性值并不会发生变化。

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